Spital Männedorf

Anal cancer, also called anal carcinoma, is rare but can often be cured with radiation alone and parallel drug treatment.

Bladder cancer or urothelial carcinoma results from malignant changes in the mucosal cells of the urinary bladder, the urothelium. Often, several foci grow at the same time. Urothelial carcinoma occurs three times more frequently in men than in women. The median age of onset is over 70 years.

Tumors of the appendix are rare and extremely diverse in their origin and behavior. They are neuroendocrine tumors that arise from hormone-producing cells. Appendiceal tumors can grow either slowly or rapidly and can be very aggressive.

Leukemias are malignant diseases of the blood that are often accompanied by a marked increase in white blood cells, known as leukocytes. There are acute and chronic forms of blood cancer.

Pleural cancer or malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare malignant disease of the pleura and lung. It develops on the outer surface of the lungs and the inside of the ribs in the chest cavity, called the pleural pleura, and is mainly caused by asbestos. Men are most often affected.

Colorectal cancer encompasses a wide spectrum of different tumors in the lower digestive tract and is one of the most common cancers of all. If colorectal cancer is detected at an early stage, there is a good chance of cure. Regular screening examinations are therefore of utmost importance.

Colon cancer is now one of the most common cancers in the Western world. If it is detected at an early stage, there is a good chance of recovery. Whenever possible, the so-called colon carcinomas are surgically removed, often supplemented by chemotherapy.

If small bowel cancer is detected early, it can often be cured by complete surgical removal of the tumor.

Ovarian cancer or ovarian carcinoma is an aggressive and malignant tumor disease originating from one ovary. Related are malignant tumors of the fallopian tubes and peritoneum. In about 20 percent of cases, ovarian cancer is probably hereditary.

The treatment of rectal cancer or rectal carcinoma requires an interdisciplinary approach to achieve the best possible chances of cure. So-called rectal carcinomas are often treated with combined radio-chemotherapy before they are surgically removed.

Essential thrombocythemia, or ET, is a rare disorder of the hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow in which there is an unusual increase in the production of blood platelets, or thrombocytes.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are a rare cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. The tumors usually grow slowly, but can form offshoots in the body during the course of the disease. In addition to surgery, drug treatment is often necessary.

Cervical cancer or cervical carcinoma is a malignant disease of the cervix, which is almost always caused by a human papilloma virus (HPV). Due to the widespread HPV vaccination of teenagers, this tumor can usually be prevented nowadays.

Uterine cancer or endometrial carcinoma is a malignant tumor that originates from the uterine wall. Already at the beginning of the disease, symptoms such as unusual bleeding often appear. The tumor is therefore usually detected early, which is why the chances of cure are very good.

A coagulation disorder refers to any dysfunction of blood clotting. Excessive clotting can lead to the formation of blood clots and consequent vascular occlusion, while insufficient clotting results in bleeding.

Tumors of the brain and spinal cord are benign or malignant neoplasms that originate in the human central nervous system. They originate from the brain, the spinal cord or the surrounding meninges. Their cause is largely unexplained.

Germ cell tumors are malignant tumors in the testis that arise from defectively maturing germ cells. The testes are the male gonads where sperm are formed. The median age of onset is approximately 38 years.

Hodgkin's lymphoma refers to a group of lymphoid cancers that have a very good chance of cure if detected early.

Laryngeal cancer or laryngeal carcinoma develops in the mucous membrane of the larynx. Most frequently, the glottis is affected, which leads to hoarseness in those affected. If the disease is detected early, there is a good chance of recovery.

There are different types of bone cancer. The most common are the so-called osteosarcomas. Like Ewing's sarcomas, they mostly occur in young people - chondrosarcomas, on the other hand, tend to occur in older people. Overall, however, bone cancer is an extremely rare cancer.

Carcinoma of unknown primary or CUP syndrome is a rare type of cancer in which metastases, or offshoots of the cancer, are found in the body, but not the original tumor from which the disease originated.

Carcinomas of the gallbladder or bile ducts are rare tumors that can be treated surgically if detected early. Gallbladder cancer mainly affects older people around the age of 70.

Cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx often manifests itself in the form of pain, foreign body sensation or swelling in the throat area. If the disease is detected at an early stage, there is usually a good chance of recovery thanks to various therapies.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor that originates in liver cells. It occurs alone in the liver or scattered at various sites. Liver cancer is often detected during a screening examination or as an incidental finding if there are known risk factors.

Lung cancer is common and includes all malignancies arising primarily in the lung. The median age of onset is 68 to 70 years. The main risk factor is smoking, but non-smokers can also develop the disease.

Lymphomas are malignant diseases that originate in the human lymphatic system. There are many different forms of lymphoma, which differ significantly in their course and aggressiveness, as well as in their therapy and prognosis.

The earlier a malignant tumor disease of the stomach is detected, the better the chances of recovery. However, since the symptoms often appear late, the diagnosis of stomach cancer can often only be made when the tumor is already at an advanced stage.

Multiple myeloma is a malignant disease of the bone marrow. It originates from plasma cells, which multiply uncontrollably in the bone marrow and is thus one of the cancers of the hematopoietic system. The average age of those affected is 70 years or older.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are diseases of the bone marrow in which too few functional blood cells are produced. The consequences are anemia, an increased tendency to bleed and susceptibility to infections.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) develop in the cells of endocrine glands, which are found almost everywhere in the body. They can produce hormones and are responsible for numerous body functions. Neuroendocrine tumors are rare, usually grow slowly and are not very aggressive.

Renal pelvic and ureteral carcinomas are malignant tumors in the covering tissue of the renal pelvis and the urinary tract draining from it, the so-called urothelium. They occur significantly more frequently in men, with the disease mostly affecting older people from the age of 50.

Kidney cancer is a malignant tumor of the kidneys. The disease mainly affects older people around the age of 70. Symptoms usually become apparent only at an advanced stage, which makes early detection much more difficult.

Polycythemia vera, PV for short, is a rare disease of the hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow in which there is an abnormal increase in the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes), but often also of other cell series (leukocytes, platelets).

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. Detected early, it can be treated very well. Possibilities for prevention are not yet known.

If the thyroid gland can be completely removed during surgery, it is possible to cure thyroid cancer. Depending on the type and stage of the disease, different treatment methods may be considered - from radioiodine to radiation to chemotherapy.

Black skin cancer arises from pigment-forming cells and is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Early in the course of the disease, offshoots can develop elsewhere in the body, known as metastases. The number of new cases is increasing worldwide.

Esophageal carcinomas diagnosed early can often be cured. Removal is performed by surgery, if necessary in combination with chemotherapy. In the case of far advanced or unfavorably located tumors, radiochemotherapy is often suitable.

Soft tissue tumors can occur in various tissues almost anywhere in the body. Most of them are benign. Rarely, the malignant form of so-called soft tissue sarcomas occurs. They can sometimes be very aggressive and already occur in childhood.

White skin cancer, together with basal cell carcinoma, belongs to the light skin cancers and is one of the most common cancers. If detected and treated at an early stage, the chance of a cure is high.